Special relativity is not, however, a prerequisite for this course. Inflationary universe theory the inflationary universe theory proposes a brief period of extremely rapid accelerating expansion in the very early universe, before the radiation dominated era called the hot big bang. Enter your mobile number or email address below and well send you a link to download the free. A cosmological postulate massachusetts institute of.
Pdf or read online books in pdf, epub, and mobi format. Exploring the universe from the smallest to the largest scales alan h. Lecture notes 10 the new inflationary universe pdf book. Pdf the standard big bang cosmology gives the most accepted concept about the beginning and evolution of the universe. A spacetime diagram physical distance xp versus time t illustrating the homogeneity problem. The inflationary universe resolves some of the most outstanding issues of standard cosmology including the horizon and flatness problems and the origin of density fluctuations in the universe.
Inflationary models also predict the existence of a relic gravity wave background. The physics of the universe important scientists alan guth. This is the compelling, firsthand account of alan guths paradigmbreaking discovery of the origins of the universeand of his dramatic upward push from younger researcher to physics star. This scenario can be realized only in the theories with rather unnatural potentials vcp, which are vcp v. In the past cosmologists often said that a closed universe c will recollapse and an open universe from theory to observations article pdf available in pramana 511. Inflationary cosmology 5 t x t 0 t rec 0 l p l f t t figure 1. Inflation stretches any initial curvature of the 3dimensional universe to near flatness. At our present level of understanding, we simply cannot tell whether this is what is predicted by a more fundamental theory such as mtheory or supergravity. Im going to describe the conventional consensus model upon which he was trying to say that the cyclic model is an improvement.
Inflation theory argues that the universe derived from seeds generated during the inflationary period by quantum fluctuations corresponding to heisenbergs. Buy the inflationary universe on free shipping on qualified orders. With the rapid expansion of the universe the average energy of particles, given by the temperature, decreased rapidly, and the universe became cold. The previous models for open inflation provide a counterexample to the standard lore on inflation, but they rely upon the presence of a local minimum in the potential energy of the inflation field. Guth stanford linear accelerator center stanford university, stanford, california 94305 abstract the standard model of hot big bang cosmology requires initial con ditions which are problematic in two ways. Even though the universe always evolves away from flatness at all other periods in the history of the universe, during the inflationary period the universe is actually driven towards flatness incredibly quickly. Both gravity waves and density fluctuations induce fluctuations in the cosmic microwave. The inflationary universe is identical to the big bang universe for all time after the first 10 30 second. Guths startling theorywidely considered as probably the most vital contributions to technological. The observed hubble expansion of the universe together with the discovery of the cosmic microwave background radiation cmbr had established hot big bang. An introduction to modern cosmology university of belgrade. Thus, the expansion of the universe would rapidly slow down as density decreased. Guth d inflation and the new era of highprecision cosmology.
In physical cosmology, cosmic inflation, cosmological inflation, or just inflation, is a theory of. Inflation was the first theory which made predictions about the structure of the universe on large scales based on causal physics. This initial singularity is, however, not physical since general relativity fails for t. Then the question is if the effects of a type iv singularity can be detected in the process of cosmic evolution.
Second, inflation explains why the universe is so uniform and flat today. Following the inflationary period, the universe continued to. What links here related changes upload file special pages permanent link page information wikidata item cite this page. Click download or read online button to the inflationary universe book pdf for free now. The kinematics of the homogeneous expanding universe pdf 5. He first started to develop his theory of cosmic inflation while at cornell in, when he. Read online lecture notes 10 the new inflationary universe book pdf free download link book now. According to inflationary cosmology 1, 2, 3, the universe expanded exponentially quickly for a fraction of a second very early in its history growing from a patch as small as 1026 m, one hundred billion times smaller than a proton, to macroscopic scales on the order of a meter, all within about 1035 s before slowing down to the more stately rate of expansion that has. He first started to develop his theory of cosmic inflation while at cornell in, when he was.
Im provem ent of th e new inflationary universe scenario 9. First, the model predicts that as the universe expands, galaxies recede from one another with a velocity. A universe can survive10years only by extreme fine tuning of the initial values of p and h, so that p. Check out this article in scientific american by ijjas, steinhardt, and loeb suggesting that inflation isnt science. An interpretation of cosmological model with variable light velocity pdf. The inflationary universe is the passionate story of one leading scientists effort to look behind the cosmic veil and explain how the universe began. In physical cosmology, cosmic inflation, cosmological inflation, or just inflation, is a theory of exponential expansion of space in the early universe.
These pdf mergers let you merge multiple pdf files easily. Inflationary cosmology world scientific publishing company. The standard big bang theory asserts that the universe was born at some moment t 0 about 15 billion years ago, in a state of in. The inflationary universe is a popular science book by theoretical physicist alan guth, first published in 1997. This acceleration is believed to be driven by a quantum field in effect, some exotic kind of matter with a repulsive gravitational effect.
Download lecture notes 10 the new inflationary universe book pdf free download link or read online here in pdf. In 8 10 we discuss a version of the new inflationary universe scenario based on a theory of phase transitions in n 1. A model of an eternally existing chaotic inflationary universe is suggested. The theory of inflation modifies our understanding of just the first tiny fraction of a second of the history of the universe, and then the description merges with that of the standard big bang theory, preserving all the successes of the older theory. It was developed around 1980 to explain several puzzles with the standard big bang theory, in which the universe expands relatively gradually throughout its history. Review of the inflationary universe by alan guth 1997 chapter pdf. To begin, iwould like tohighlight thedistinction between the questions thatthe standard big bang theory answers and the questions that in. T h e in flation ary u n iverse a d l in d e i e t am m d epartm ent of theoretical physics, p n lebedev physical institute, academy of sciences of the ussr, moscow 117924, ussr abstract a ccording to th e inflationary universe scen ario th e universe in th e very early stages of. Inflation theory brings together ideas from quantum physics and particle physics to explore the early moments of the universe, following the big bang. The bigbang model leads to three important, experimentally testable predictions.
These pdf merging software offer various features, like. Then the false vacuum decays, the bubbles of the new phase collide, and our universe becomes. Inflationary theory gets around this flatness problem because inflation changes the way the geometry of the universe evolves with time. Pdf a simple model of cosmic inflation researchgate. Focus on t 0and htprovides only an overall scaling factor. Inflationary cosmology is the clever idea that the early universe underwent a brief period of. In april 2015, physicist and nobel laureate steven weinberg.
Inflation in its simplest form makes the universe flat as well as homogeneous, but there are some recent suggestions for how an open universe may come about as well. His basic idea is that the universe enters a false vacuum state shortly after. T h e in flation ary u n iverse stanford university. Paul steinhardt did a very good job of presenting the case for the cyclic universe. The universe with a constant energy density expands exponentially, thus we have in ation in the false vacuum. The inflationary universe scenario postulates that at some time in the very early history of the universe a period of extremely rapid superluminal. According to the new york timesof november 26, 1999, like the great navigators who. Unlike crushing singularities, the socalled type iv finitetime singularity offers the possibility that the universe passes smoothly through it, without any catastrophic effects. According to inflation theory, the universe was created in an unstable energy state, which forced a rapid expansion of the universe in its early moments.
First, the model predicts that as the universe expands, galaxies recede from one another with a velocity proportional to the distance between them. In this scenario, the universes current expansion was preceded by a. Since inflation supposes a burst of exponential expansion in the early universe, it follows that distant regions were actually much closer together prior to inflation than they would have been with only standard big bang expansion. A possible solution to the horizon and flatness problems alan h. Kaiser understanding the behavior of the universe at large depends critically on insights about the smallest units of matter and their fundamental interactions. All these pdf joiners are completely free and can be downloaded to windows pc.
Pdf this is one of the best popular cosmology books ever written and guth is now 2016 a top physics professor at mit. The front running theory is a flat universe with a cosmological constant about twice the size of the matter density today. A typical closed universe will reach its maximum size on the order of this time scale, while a typical open universe will dwindle to a value of p much less than p. No one knows how uniform or flat the universe was when it emerged from the big bang, but with inflation there is no need to know because the period of accelerated expansion stretched it into the right shape. Thus inflationary cosmology is able to account for the present universe starting from a wide range of initial conditions. Alan guth inflationary universe pdf the physics of the universe important scientists alan guth. Each chapter consists of a brief introduction followed by reprints of important papers. The book explores the theory of inflation, which was first presented by the author in 1979. The inflation theory proposes a period of extremely rapid exponential expansion of the universe during its first few moments. T h e inflationary universe scenario an d q u an tu m cosm ology 1 4. Syllabus the early universe physics mit opencourseware. Third, and probably the most compelling, inflationary theo. This expansion makes the universe very big and very at.
762 756 789 922 1238 1585 1208 1335 1220 365 1148 485 94 375 1232 294 235 1522 656 979 1665 331 533 1338 1384 311 797 626 194 177 548 344 462 98 394 942 72 1462 1360 519 1282 1362 52 319 1374 546 1407 186 1449